Resource and energy saving technologies require a mandatory integrated approach to the production, distribution and consumption of electricity. And at the stage of building a house, modern energy -saving technologies are always combined with innovations in the field of construction, because most of the electricity is used to heat the house in cold weather and cool it in hot weather. This requires the planned use of energy efficient materials. In addition, a customized household supply system will make it possible, in some cases, to abandon traditional methods of supplying electricity altogether.
Energy saving technology in construction
The best example of energy -saving technology in construction so far can serve as a so -called "energy efficient home", where, ideally, in winter, a comfortable temperature is maintained without the use of traditional heating systems, and in summer without air conditioning systems.
Such a structure, depending on the variation of technology, is also called a Zero Energy House - "zero energy house" or "passive house".
To approach such house standards, it contains:
- install individual boiler rooms or other heat supply sources, often connecting pumps that return exhaust air heat from ventilation ducts, geothermal or wastewater,
- spare part of the solar electricity (collector), and the direct energy of the sun, then used competently in accordance with the thermal balance of the building, connecting the translucent and reflective structures,
- they use modern thermal insulation materials, and this is true for both building materials and communication systems.
The energy saving method described above assumes that the building is the last recipient of electricity from the power plant. Yet, now, the possibility of a complete transition to individual energy supply systems is considered an innovative practice, when the building itself, in fact, becomes a "power plant" and begins to distribute electricity to other consumers.
This is possible, for example, with the widespread use of nano-photovoltaic cells, which are cited as one of the most promising solutions. In Freiburg, Germany, a local solar energy institute used the city space as a sort of "testing ground" for testing solar technology, introduced solar panels in stadiums, rebuilt entire neighborhoods (58 residential and office buildings on the county border) for a new concept of "homesactive "The main obstacle to the widespread use of this technology is the high cost of ultrapure industrial silicon, which is used for batteries (around $ 450 / kg). It is replaced by nanotechnology and a special carbon - fullerene. But so far its efficiency is 2. 5 times lower than that of silicon solar cells.
Energy saving technology in daily life
The main direction in the creation of energy-saving technologies in everyday life is the regulation of individual electricity consumption using "smart" technology, depending on:
- personal habits of the population and preferences in the microclimate,
- the time of year (day) when the "smart" system rebuilds itself, choosing to light and with what intensity it should work.
For example, an automated home lighting system only turns on lights when necessary, turns them off during the day and turns them on in the evening when activated by voice through a built -in microphone. When the noise occurs within a radius of 5 meters, the energy -saving light will automatically come on, which does not go out when someone is in the room.
But until these "intellectual" innovations become dominant, experts recommend using "preventive saving" methods of electricity in everyday life, which include:
- replacement of incandescent lamps with energy-saving lamps (with reduced consumption by 5-6 times) or more economical LED lamps,
- transition to household appliances with high class energy efficiency (A- A +++), which, when compared to outdated models, can show a difference of 50%,
- turn off devices (equipment) in standby mode: TVs, music centers and tape recorders, which still use 3-10 W in the switched off but not switched off state,
- turn off or put the computer into sleep mode, which, during working hours, "eats" 70-120 kW / h per month.
Particular attention should be paid to the refrigerator, which is recommended:
- do not place next to the stove (increases energy consumption by 25-30%),
- don't fill it with refrigerated food,
- prevent the formation of gaps in the seal,
- don’t cover the radiator and don’t lean your "back" against the wall.
The introduction of energy -saving technologies in housing and communal services looks like a transition to drives with the function of optimizing rotational speed depending on the actual load, which, when operating elevators or ventilation units, can save electricity by up to 50%.